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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:25 am
Time: 3:25 am
Results for peer effects
4 results foundAuthor: Moriarty, John Title: Peer Effects in Adolescent Cannabis Use: It's the Friends, Stupid Summary: This paper examines peer effects in adolescent cannabis use from several different reference groups, exploiting survey data that have many desirable properties and have not previously been used for this purpose. Treating the school grade as the reference group, and using both neighbourhood fixed effects and IV for identification, we find evidence of large, positive, and statistically significant peer effects. Treating nominated friends as the reference group, and using both school fixed effects and IV for identification, we again find evidence of large, positive, and generally statistically significant peer effects. Our preferred IV approach exploits information about friends of friends — ‘friends once removed’, who are not themselves friends - to instrument for friends’ cannabis use. Finally, we examine whether the cannabis use of schoolmates who are not nominated as friends —‘non-friends’— influences own cannabis use. Once again using neighbourhood fixed effects and IV for identification, the evidence suggests zero impact.In our data, schoolmates who are not also friends have no influence on adolescent cannabis use. Details: Melbourne: University of Melbourne - Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 27: Accessed January 29, 2013 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2192259 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2192259 Shelf Number: 127416 Keywords: Cannabis Use (Australia)Drug AbuseMarijuanaPeer Effects |
Author: Medina, Carlos Title: Peer Effects and Social Interactions of Crime: The Role of Classmates and Neighbors Summary: We analyze delinquent networks of adolescents and youth in Medellin, Colombia. Particularly, using a very detailed dataset of individuals attending schools during the years 2004 and 2005 and matching this data set with individuals who were captured during the period 2006-2010, we estimate peer effects on the likelihood to become a criminal, for a sample of students attending public schools, using as reference group individuals in their same grade, and also in their same the classroom. We estimate a social interaction model with a network structure, with the presence of endogenous, contextual, correlated and group fixed effects, following the identification strategies proposed by Lee (2007), Lee, Liu and Lin (2010), and Liu and Lee (2010). These methods satisfy the necessary and sufficient conditions for identification mentioned by Bramoullé, Djebbari and Fortin (2009). We find that peer effects (endogenous effect) are positive and significant when our socio-matrices, "W", are constructed taking into account neighborhood-classmates and neighborhood-grade information. Details: Bogota: Banco de la República, 2012. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 8, 2016 at: http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/165.peereffects.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Colombia URL: Shelf Number: 145081 Keywords: Delinquent NetworksJuvenile OffendersPeer EffectsSocial NetworksYoung Adult Offenders |
Author: Medina, Carlos Title: The Effect of Adult Criminals' Spillovers On the Likelihood of Youths Becoming Criminals Summary: We use a unique data set at the individual level to estimate an empirical model explaining the probability of young individuals to become criminals as a function of the presence of adult criminals in their neighborhoods, an a complete set of control variables, including census sector fixed effects. We use the census of criminals captured in Medellin between 2000 and 2010 to construct our peer's variables, and find a strong and robust positive effect of the presence of adult criminal neighbors on the probability of becoming criminal. The result is robust across different specifications of the presence of criminals, and with respect to the probability of committing different types of crimes, even controlling for contextual and group effects. Both modeling peer effects as the sum of friends' efforts and modeling them as deviations from the means, affect the likelihood to become criminal, although with differential importance by type of crime. Details: Bogota: Banco de la Republica, 2013. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Num. 755: Accessed October 8, 2016 at: http://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/be_755.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Colombia URL: http://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/be_755.pdf Shelf Number: 145369 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersPeer EffectsSocial Interactions |
Author: Shoji, Masahiro Title: Guilt Aversion and Peer Effects in Crime: Experimental and Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh Summary: The peer effects are considered to be a cause of the crime disparity across cities over time, but little is known how the effects occur. I conducted an artefactual field experiment in rural Bangladesh to uncover the mechanism of peer effects through the intrinsic motivation. I particularly disentangle two potential channels predicted by the guilt aversion preference; through the change in the guilt sensitivity and the second order beliefs. The validity of guilt aversion is also tested by using experiment and survey data. A novel contribution of this experiment is that it develops an approach to elicit the guilt sensitivity. I find that the behavioral patterns of experimental crime are consistent with the guilt aversion but not with the pure altruism or trustworthiness. The peer effects occur through the changes in the beliefs; when crime is common, individuals anticipate that the others expect higher risk of crime victimization, which in turn declines the guilt from committing crime. By using the survey data collected from the participant households, I show the validity of the elicited guilt sensitivity; individuals are less likely to suffer from property crime in the villages where the neighborhood have higher guilt sensitivity. Details: Tokyo: Faculty of Economics, Seijo University, 2012. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2017 at: http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~econseminar/Guilt%20Aversion.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Bangladesh URL: http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~econseminar/Guilt%20Aversion.pdf Shelf Number: 147290 Keywords: Broken Windows TheoryCrime VictimizationGuilt AversionPeer Effects |